The Four Kupat Holim — Israel's HMO System
Israel's universal healthcare is delivered through four competing nonprofit health funds (Kupot Holim). All residents must join one, and all provide the same government-mandated basket of services. The choice of fund affects clinic locations, supplementary insurance options, and digital services — but the core medical coverage is identical.
- Clalit: the largest fund (~52% of population), operates its own hospitals and clinics nationwide; best for those wanting an integrated system with Clalit hospitals
- Maccabi: second largest (~25%), known for excellent digital services and fast specialist referrals; strong in Tel Aviv and central Israel
- Meuhedet: third largest (~14%), popular with younger demographics; competitive supplementary insurance (Meuhedet Adif); strong customer service ratings
- Leumit: smallest (~9%), strong in peripheral areas; offers unique alternative medicine coverage in supplementary plans
- Switching between funds is allowed once a year with a 6-month waiting period for supplementary coverage
- Funding: 5% health tax deducted from salary (up to a cap); no separate premium for basic coverage
