State School System
Ireland's state education system is free for children residing in Ireland from primary (age 4–5) through secondary (age 12–18). The system has a strong Catholic character historically, though this is changing with the growth of multi-denominational options.
- Primary school (ages 4–12): free; largely English-medium but with a national curriculum covering Irish language, maths, science, arts, and social studies
- Gaelscoileanna (Irish-medium primary schools): children learn all subjects through Irish (Gaeilge) — popular and often academically very strong; long waiting lists in Dublin
- Junior Certificate (ages 12–15): 3-year junior cycle assessed by combination of school-based assessment and state examination
- Leaving Certificate (ages 15–18): Ireland's university entrance examination; points system (CAO points) determines university entry; most STEM subjects highly valued
- Educate Together: multi-denominational, child-centred schools offering a secular alternative to Catholic-ethos schools — growing network, particularly in Dublin suburbs
- School places can be scarce in desirable Dublin areas — register children as early as possible; some schools have very long waiting lists
